abc Logic

Organon ( όργανον) –Aristotle
Organon consists of:
1.files about Categories,more precisely process of learning about fundemental forms of being and opinion
2.files about Interpretation (of a sentence) in which Aristotle presents learning about attitude,about judgement and about moral statements
3. Analytics 1-Aristotle's teaching of concluding,more precisely sylogistics
4.Analytics 2-a study of attestation,of definition and classification and cognition based on the foundation of principle
5.Topics-it contains the teaching of dialectical or probable conclusion and evidence
6.Sophistical Refutations-it is an analaysis and a critique of sophistical(ostensible) and untruthful evidence

Images are taken from: Kunzmann, P, Burkard, F-P & Wiedmann, F. (2001). Atlasa filozofije, Zagreb: Golden marketing.

Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy (greek μετά "beyond", "upon" or "after" and φυσικά-ocurring in a whole,something that is what it is in a whole)-What is the essence of things? What is the cause of all things? What is behind the appearence?

Images are taken from: Luka.Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.

Redesign: Mihajlo Bulaja, Gimnazija Banja.

Ontology (general metaphysics)-a branch of philosophy- to on-being; λόγος-speech,word,intellect;What is the essence of a being? Ontological conceptions are monism,dualism,pluralism,whereas ontological standpoints are materialism and idealism.

Images are taken from: Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.
Redesign: Mihajlo Bulaja, Gimnazija Banja Luka.

A esthetics is a phylosophical study-its nominal founder is Alexander Baumgarten-lower sensitive ability; What is the problem of beauty? Do only theoretical senses take part in experiencing beauty?

Images are taken from: Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.
Redesign: Mihajlo Bulaja, Gimnazija Banja Luka.

Gnoseology-philosophical study-greek gnosis-cognition; its nominal founder John Locke in his work “Experiments in human intellect” asks a question-What can I know,what are the limits of cognition and its accompanying factors? Towards the sources of cognition,we differ following gnoseological conceptions: sensualism (sensual cognition),empirism (experience),rationalism(intellect) and various forms of irrationalism (voluntarism,teologism,spiritualism…) Towards the limits of human cognition we differ following gnoseological standpoints: dogmatism(greek dogma-law,studying; who are dogmats?)
Everyone who acquire knowledge without critique and all laws consider to be unchangeable),criticism(or as some call it agnosticism from greek agnostos-unknown-it is impossible to find out the essence of the world-cognition is only certain until a certain limit is reached,not in a whole).skepticism (greek skepsa-process of exploring the truth;it is thought that it is not possible to find out the objective truth…)

Images are taken from: Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.
Redesign: Mihajlo Bulaja, Gimnazija Banja Luka.

Ethics is a philosophical study which explores the sources and foundations of moral norms,character and moral principles,moral values and the meaning of human life.

Images are taken from: Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.

In any question, as Heidegger pointed out, it is necessary to differ-asked(das Gefragte)-being-what is asked(das Befragte) being itself and something that has been asked and interrogated(das Erfragte)-the essence of being. A man finds his essence in dependence of the things that cohere to the truth of being,and that means that he is ready to think the truth.
Axiology-a branch of philosophy which explored values. The problem is in the very determination of the definition of values and their qualification.

Images are taken from: Kunzmann, P, Burkard, F-P & Wiedmann, F. (2001). Atlasa filozofije, Zagreb: Golden marketing.

Philosophical anthropology is a branch of philosophy that studies humans,but under no condition as a secluded being but in comparisment to the entirety of life uniting all human cognitions expressed in science,especially anthropology.

Images are taken from: Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.
Redesign: Mihajlo Bulaja, Gimnazija Banja Luka.

Cognition is a process which ultimately reaches knowledge,the action of discovering and unveiling the truth.
Sources of cognition are senses,intellect,mind and irrational sources of cognition .

Intellect is the power of opinion,judgement and a source of rules(Kant).

For Aristotle,the truth is to say of what is that it is not, or of what is not that it is, is false, while to say of what is that it is, and of what is not that it is not, is true
Theory of correspondence is truth is the correspondence between thoughts and things
Theory of verification(pragmatic theory) is truth is being evaluated depending on the criteria of usability.
The coherence theory of truth regards truth as coherent within some specified set of sentences, propositions or beliefs .

Theory of evidence the truth is concurrence of judgement with itself.

Images are taken from: Marušić Brezetić, D (2009). Filozofija, Zagreb: Profil.
Redesign: Mihajlo Bulaja, Gimnazija Banja Luka.

„Semiology is a science which studies signs,laguages,codes,signalisations,etc. When taking this definition into account,we conclude that language is a part of semiology.On the other hand,most people agree that language should be acknowledged with a priviliged independent position and that is why semiology is being defined as a „a study of not-linguistical system of signs“. Ferdinand de Saussure has thought about semiology as a science which studies the life of signs in social life,but Pers emphises its logical function.But still both of these aspects of signs are closely connected and words semiology and semiotics cover today the same discipline,only difference is that Europeans and Anglosaxons use different names to define the same term.In that way,from the very start of the century one general theory of signs has been conceived,which instantly hogged the limelight and drew the attetntion of logicians under the name general semantics.”

Hegel's logic is a presentation of an idea in an abstract form.

Images are taken from: Kunzmann, P, Burkard, F-P & Wiedmann, F. (2001). Atlasa filozofije, Zagreb: Golden marketing.